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CISSP study material · question 481 of 500

An attacker holding a breach corpus tries each leaked password and then variants such as the same password with an incremented digit. Which two OWASP terms describe these attacks? Choose two.

  1. Privilege escalation, moving from a user account to an administrative one.
  2. Session fixation, reusing an identifier the attacker already knows.
  3. A hybrid password attack, trying predictable variations or increments of the spilled credentials.
  4. Credential stuffing, replaying username and password pairs from the breach.
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Answer: D. Credential stuffing, replaying username and password pairs from the breach.
C. A hybrid password attack, trying predictable variations or increments of the spilled credentials.

OWASP describes credential stuffing with a breached list of valid usernames and passwords, and the hybrid variant where variations or increments of spilled credentials are tried.

Source: OWASP Top 10 A07:2025 (OWASP) — OWASP Top 10:2025 A07 Authentication Failures > Description

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